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Ancient Egypt

  • Hunter-gathers moved into the area of the Nile valley way more than 12,000 years ago

    • With the finding of the Nile Valley they started a civilization with farms and small villages

    • Over time farmers would develope an irrigation system

    • Irrigation helped them grow lots of crops that would then make them a strong civilization

 

Brief History
Geography

  • Nile

    • The greatest thing about where the Egyptains decided to settle down was the Nile

      • The Nile was 4,000 miles long 

    • The Nile helped the Egyptains survive for water, transportation, and more

    • The Nile was the most important feature there territory had

  • Desert

    • Egyptains settled in a big desert or two deserts seperated by the Nile

  • Fertile

    • The Nile surved for many things including for planting so all along the Nile was fertile land perfect for planting crops

  • Current

    • The current of the nile ran north towards the Nile Delta were the Niles water ended up in Mediterranean Sea

Economy

  • In Egypt they had lots of farms due to the gift of the Nile

    • Farmers grew things like

      • Wheat

      • Barley 

      • Fruits

      • Vegetables

    • Irrigation system

      • Would redirect the water to the field for growing crops

    • Trade

      • Traded with neighbors

        • Nubia

          • Got gold,copper,ivory, stones, and slaves

        • Syria

          • Got wood

Social Structure

  • Pharaoh

    • Top of the social structure 

  • Nobles

    • People that are from powerful and rich families

    • Made of priest and key goverment officials

  • Scribes and Craftspeople

    • Working class and or the middle class

  • Farmers, Servants, and Slaves

    • More than 80 percent of the population was the lower class that was mostly made of farmers

 

Government

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Beliefs/Religion
Isis
Re
Osiris
Horus

  • Were polythistic

    • Believed in many gods and goddesses some where

      • Isis 

        • The goddess of magic

      • Re

        • One of the most important gods

        • The sun god

      • Osiris

        • God of the underworld

      • Horus

        • SKy god and the god of the pharaohs

  • Before the very first dynasty each village would worship their own god

  • Built special temples just for the gods

    • These temples collected payments from worshippers and also the goverment

  • Almost all gods wree worshipped 

    • Each god was asociated with somethiig like the sun, the earth, and more

  • Afterlife

    • The egyptains believed that the afterlife was a happy place they would want to go to

    • They would prepare their who life for the afterlife

      • To go to the afterlife you would have to go throught the weighing of the heart cerimonies

        • In this your heart would be weight against a feather

    • When a person died they believed that their ka or a persons life force would remain linked with their body

  • Burial Practices

    • Only certain bodies would go through this process if they could aford it

    • This burial practice was when you prepared the body

      • First you cut open the body and take out every organ, all but the heart

      • Next you dry out the body 

        • Then use specials oils on the body

      • Then you wrap the body in linen cloth and bandages

      • This process would take many weeks to complete

Advancements/Achievements

  • Writing

    • Their writing was called hieroglyphics 

    • In 3300 BC was to be know as the first example of hieroglyphics

      • Writings were carved into stone and or other hard materials

    • After a while of writing on stone they discoverd paprus

      • Long-lasting, paperlike material made from reeds

        • Made from pressing layers of reed together

      • Were tough and durable and could be rolled into scrolls

        • Wrote on papyrus with brushes and ink

    • Hieroglyphics used way more than 600 different 

      • These symbols were most of the time pictures of an object

      • Could be written horizontally and or vertically

    • Rosetta Stone

      • In 1799 a French soldier gave the historians the key they would need to read ancient Egyptain writing

      • Rosetta Stone is a huge stone slab that had hieroglyphics written on it

    • Egyptain Text

      • Papyrus are still alive today

      • These papyrus have records,historicals records, medical manuals, and even science texts

      • Some things even survived like the Book of the Dead which told historians about the afterlife

  • Art

    • Paintings

      • Egyptains art was full of color and lively scenes

      • They even painted on the walls of tombs 

      • Some paintings even show historical events,the crowning of a king, planting crops, and more

      • The Egyptains paintings of people were always draw from the side and almost never from the frount

    • Jewelry and Carvings

      • Egyptains were also skillled stoneworkers 

        • Can tell from statues and carvings inside and outside of tombs

      • Jewelry for Egyptains included necklaces, bracelets, and even collars

        • Made of gold for Pharaohs

Architecture

  • Pyramids

    • The Egyptains are most famous for build spectacular pyramids

      • Buried rulers into the pyramids

    • More than 4,000 years ago works by Giza built 3 masive pyramids

      • Sphinx was also built by the Pyramids of Giza

        • Sphinx is a mystical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human

    • Took decades of years to build these with the help of many slaves

      • Took many diffrent slaves many would die while making these structures

    • Largest pyramid is the Pyramid of Khufu near the town of Giza

      • Cover 13 acres

      • 481 feet high

      • Took 2 million diffrent sized limestone blocks to build

    • Inside The Great Pyramid was a series of tunnels that lead to the pharaohs tomb

  • Buildings

    • Pharaohs had people build them many buildings for them for their tomb 

    • Pharaohs would spend their whole life time working on their tomb to make it spectacular

    • They would have their best engineers build their tombs

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